The aim of this study is to provide a method of making ultralight open cell copper FOAM with high surface area using chemical procedures. Among the various methods of making open-cell metal FOAMs, electrodeposition method is selected because it can be done in a clean way and is cheaper than other methods. In this method, an open cell polyurethane sponge was used as substrate. Then by choosing appropriate chemical solutions with specific technical knowledge, first polyurethane surface has activated and then by electroless-deposition method, polyurethane activated surface covered with a thin layer of copper. In the final stage, with the aid of electrodeposition the thickness of copper layer was increased to the desired thickness with a minimum required strength. The results show that electrodeposition can increase the thickness of copper layer from 3-5 microns that is obtained in electroless-deposition method to above100 to 150 microns. SEM results show that the micro structure of the deposited layer is globular. By controlling the thickness of deposited copper in electroplating, the surface area of the copper FOAM can be increased. According to results optimum time for electroless-deposition is between 5 to 7 minutes and for electrodeposition is 1 hour. The open-cell copper FOAM that is produced in this research is ultralight and due to it high surface can transfer heat with high rates.

Abstract In the design and construction of structures, especially water structures, and contact with any problematic soils, many issues and problems may arise during construction or operation, eventually leading to local destruction or destruction of the structure. Iran is one of the countries that, due to its special arid and semi-arid climatic conditions as well as its geology, many types of problematic soils are found in it, so the existence of this category of soils has been the source of many destructions and damages caused in There have been all kinds of structures, especially water structures in the country. To achieve the goals of the present research, tests were conducted on the soils of the construction site of Ramhormoz canals in three sections to identify the mineral type and morphology of the tested samples and to investigate the effect of different additives on the mechanical properties of the soil samples. The results of the research show that there are changes in the paste limit for all related samples, the lowest value for the sample with 5% lime is an increase of 3.58 and the highest value for the sample with 7% cement is an increase of 9.65. The changes in INTERnal friction angle for all samples show that the lowest value related to the sample with 7% cement is equal to 0.1% increase and the highest value related to the sample with 7% cement is equal to 24.9% increase. INTRODUCTION In the design and construction of structures, especially water structures, and contact with any problematic soils, many issues and problems may arise during construction or operation, eventually leading to local destruction or destruction of the structure. Iran is one of the countries that, due to its special arid and semi-arid climatic conditions as well as its geology, many types of problematic soils are found in it, so the existence of this category of soils has been the source of many destructions and damages caused in There have been all kinds of structures, especially water structures in the country. METHOD AND MATERIAL To achieve the objectives of the present research, field sampling was done after studying the previous research, and then relevant laboratory studies were carried out by transferring the prepared samples to the laboratory. Laboratory studies of the current research in three sections: mineralogy of samples with XRD device, morphology of samples with SEM device; and Granulation of the samples was done by LPSA method. For sampling for the present research, data collection was done from the Ramhormoz region located in Khuzestan province, which has chalk soils and is the place where various water transfer structures are implemented. In this research, manual boreholes were dug from a depth of -30 (minus 30 cm) from the base level to a depth of -60 (minus 60 cm) and the information about the state of the soil layer was obtained by sampling the mentioned boreholes by performing the necessary tests. From the soil composition that was sampled from the mentioned places with 3 types of solid materials including: a- The combination of soil with type 2 cement with a combination of 2, 5%, and 7% by volume. b- Mixing the soil with slaked lime with a combination of 5% and 7% by volume. C - Mixing the soil with slag with 3 with a combination of 5% and 7% by volume. Results The results of this research show that the changes in the paste limit for all the samples show that the lowest value for the sample with 5% lime is a 3.58% increase and the highest value for the sample with 8% cement is a 9.65% increase. Also, the changes in the dry density of compaction show that the lowest value of the sample with 7% cement is equal to a 22% decrease and the highest value of the sample with 7% slag is equal to a 6% increase. The changes in adhesion coefficient show that the lowest value of the sample with 5% cement is a 15.4% decrease and the highest value of the sample with 5% slag is a 450% increase. The changes in the INTERnal friction angle show that the lowest value corresponding to the sample with 5% and 7% lime, 5% and 7% slag, and the highest value corresponding to the sample with 5% cement is equal to a 5.8% increase. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In general, the most important reactions of lime with soil can be divided into four categories: a) flocculation, b) carbonation, 3) ion exchange, and d) pozzolanic reactions, and each of these changes can be Even in a short period observed in the soil. In the event of any of the presented reactions, changes can be observed in the optimum moisture content, specific weight, reduction in plasticity indices, and increase in unconfined compressive strength. The mixture of lime and clay with the cation exchange reaction of clay minerals and as a result, coagulation of its fine particles, provides suitable conditions by which the flocculated clay particles together cause the formation of larger particles. This process involves the hydration reaction of quicklime. After this initial rapid reaction, more permanent reactions begin, such as the pozzolanic reaction in which materials impregnated with cement are used, the best performance of the samples is expected in a longer time. Hydration reactions are effective at temperatures above 20 degrees Celsius, at higher stages this reaction causes an increase in resistance through the formation of hydrated calcium silicate and hydrated calcium aluminate silicate from hydration and pozzolanic reactions. The formation of these compounds increases resistance.   Considering that the soil of the study area is gypsum, therefore, among the mechanical parameters of the soil, the coefficient of adhesion can be considered as the most important parameter. Therefore, based on the above explanation and based on the results obtained, mineral slag is added to the soil of the study area. It can be a suitable solution to solve the mentioned soil problem. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors of the article express their gratitude to Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology and Khuzestan Water and Power Organization for their financial and spiritual support of this research.

Focusing on the criteria of truth and falsity and what it is as one of the most key topics in the field of epistemology has always been discussed. Correspondence, coherence, pragmatism, relativism and assertively redundancy are the main theories of truth in the history of thought. In matching perception, meaning depends on matching with reality. Avoiding logical coherence and focusing on organizational and institutional coherence is the focus of the second approach. Pragmatists also think that function is the criterion for evaluating propositions. The diversity of relativists' perception is also the result of focusing on the difference of perceptual structures in passivity from external belonging. Finally, assertively redundancy's theory of statement does not give independence to truth. The root of the diversity and difference of the mentioned theories should be found in the quality of explanation of the relationship between the subject and object. The present article aims to analyze and examine the concepts that have been influential in the development of the theories of truth and have played the greatest role in the transformation of the concepts of subjectivity and the world into INTERsubjectivity and lifeworld by focusing on some influential currents in both continental and analytical currents. And how the relationship between the subject and the object has changed from relationship to INTER relation.

FOAMing on oil has a very undesirable effect which can cause an increase in oxidation by intensive mixture with air, damage to cavitation, and insufficient oil transportation in the lubrication circulation system which can cause poor lubrication. Adding the appropriate antiFOAM additives is one way to avoid FOAMing. To determine the tendency of FOAMing formation which has an impact on the stability of the performance of lubricating oil, so that there is wear and tear in research in the laboratory by means of, 6 types of lubricating oil taken from the market are tested for viscosity, index viscosity, flash point, pour point and color. As well as to determine the effect of FOAM formation tested FOAMing tendency / stability and wear before and after antiFOAM added from 6 (six) types of lubricated oil obtained from the market. The result after adding antiFOAM additives, three types (GB, SH, and MH) of six types of lubricated oil were tested, the tendency of FOAMing and the wear results met the required limits, namely 0/50/0 ml for FOAMing tendency and maximum 0. 5 mm for wear, while for 3 (three) oils, the results are not satisfying the required limits.

The annular FOAM breaker is one which uses the vacuum and shear force generated by the Coanda effect to break FOAM. Its effectiveness in destroying drilling FOAM has been tested in wellbore flow simulation loop experimental stand. Experimental results showed that the operating pressure of the annular FOAM breaker should be larger than 0.6 MPa and the stabilizers concentration of the FOAM drilling fluid should be as low as possible so as to obtain higher FOAM-breaking efficiency. Moreover, the annular FOAM breaker was more effective to destroy wet FOAM system. When the gas to liquid ratio of the FOAM was lower than 100, the FOAM-breaking efficiency was up to 85%. From the results obtained in Yuanba-10 well located in Sichuan province of China, it can be drawn that the annular FOAM breaker had a high efficiency that only 400 m3 FOAMing solutions was consumed with total 672 m of FOAM drilling footage in 26 in. section. The consumption of ingredient additives and water were decreased drastically with using the annular FOAM breaker, which reduced the FOAM drilling cost sharply.